Hypoxia
Hypoxia is a Diving Health Risk which occurs when the body or part of the body is not provided with sufficient oxygen. This happens when there is a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen to a rate which is not enough to sustain normal cell functions.
Causes and Symptoms
Hypoxia is used to describe a pathological state where there is a decrease in the oxygen supply to the organ's tissues. In general, this is caused by exposure to high altitudes, carbon monoxide inhalation, or poisoning.
In Scuba Diving, Hypoxia may occur due to the use of breathing gas contained in a Diving Cylinder that is stored for a period of time and has not been checked before utilization. Oxidation may occur - the rust that possibly formed inside a full Diving Cylinder which is unchecked for a long time can use up the oxygen in the air. You think that the Diving Cylinder is full but what you do not know is that the concentration of oxygen inside is decreased.
Another cause can be consumption of wrong concentrations of gases. If your Diving Cylinder contains oxygen in low concentrations, this can cause Hypoxia.
Failure of Rebreather to function properly can also be a cause. It can lead to Hypoxia if the oxygen sensor malfunctions.
In general, the symptoms of Hypoxia depend on how serious and severe the case is. The victim may experience tingling sensations in the face and fingers, muscle spasms, headache, nausea, dizziness, and even unconsciousness.
Prevention
Proper knowledge, preparation, and training can help prevent the occurrence of Hypoxia. Have your Diving Cylinders checked and tested regularly. Check the breathing gas prior to the dive. If you are using a Rebreather, make sure you know the mechanisms of the equipment.
Treatment
The victim must be brought to the surface immediately, as Hypoxia may lead to other conditions such as unconsciousness and drowning. If the victim is breathing on the surface, make sure that normal respiration is established. Establish a sufficient airway immediately, with the use of adequate oxygen to saturate the blood. Administer CPR when necessary in order to establish normal respiration.
Always seek medical help or ask someone to do it.
These are the symptoms, causes, prevention and treatment procedures of Hypoxia. Make sure to follow the exact procedures so that there are no more complications that can occur.
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Basics & Backgrounds
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